Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-9 (of 9 Records) |
Query Trace: Williams JK[original query] |
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Prioritizing mental health within HIV and tuberculosis services in PEPFAR
Fukunaga R , Pierre P , Williams JK , Briceno-Robaugh R , Kalibala S , Peterson M , Moonan PK . Emerg Infect Dis 2024 30 (4) 1-5 Underprioritization of mental health is a global problem and threatens the decades-long progress of the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program. In recent years, mental health has become globally recognized as a part of universal healthcare, making this an opportune moment for the global community to integrate mental health services into routine programming. PEPFAR is well positioned to lead by example. We conceptualized 5 key strategies that might help serve as a framework to support mental health programming as part of PEPFAR's current 5-year strategic plan. PEPFAR and the global community have an opportunity to identify mental health service gaps and interweave global mental health priorities with actions to end the HIV and TB epidemics by 2030. |
Pregnancy outcomes among women receiving rVSVDelta-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine during the Sierra Leone Trial to introduce a vaccine against Ebola
Legardy-Williams JK , Carter RJ , Goldstein ST , Jarrett OD , Szefer E , Fombah AE , Tinker SC , Samai M , Mahon BE . Emerg Infect Dis 2020 26 (3) 541-548 Little information exists regarding Ebola vaccine rVSVDeltaG-ZEBOV-GP and pregnancy. The Sierra Leone Trial to Introduce a Vaccine against Ebola (STRIVE) randomized participants without blinding to immediate or deferred (18-24 weeks postenrollment) vaccination. Pregnancy was an exclusion criterion, but 84 women were inadvertently vaccinated in early pregnancy or became pregnant <60 days after vaccination or enrollment. Among immediate vaccinated women, 45% (14/31) reported pregnancy loss, compared with 33% (11/33) of unvaccinated women with contemporaneous pregnancies (relative risk 1.35, 95% CI 0.73-2.52). Pregnancy loss was similar among women with higher risk for vaccine viremia (conception before or <14 days after vaccination) (44% [4/9]) and women with lower risk (conception >15 days after vaccination) (45% [10/22]). No congenital anomalies were detected among 44 live-born infants examined. These data highlight the need for Ebola vaccination decisions to balance the possible risk for an adverse pregnancy outcome with the risk for Ebola exposure. |
Using social media to increase HIV testing among men who have sex with men - Beijing, China, 2013-2017
Wang L , Podson D , Chen Z , Lu H , Wang V , Shepard C , Williams JK , Mi G . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019 68 (21) 478-482 The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in China is low overall (0.06%) (1); however, it is substantially higher (8.0%) among men who have sex with men (MSM) (2), and the stigmatization of same-sex behaviors in China presents challenges for HIV prevention and treatment efforts. In 2015, Blued, a Beijing-based media company that operates an online dating application popular among Chinese MSM, launched an ongoing HIV testing campaign that combined its push-notification(dagger) platform and geolocation capabilities to encourage HIV testing among MSM in Beijing. To assess trends in use of HIV testing services, Blued and CDC's China HIV program examined testing at six Blued-operated Beijing HIV testing centers from 2 years before the campaign launch in 2015 through December 31, 2017. A sharp increase in HIV testing followed the launch of Blued's online campaign, indicating that leveraging social media platforms and their geolocation-based text messaging functionality might be useful in increasing HIV testing among MSM, particularly those aged </=35 years. |
Implementing a multisite clinical trial in the midst of an Ebola outbreak: Lessons learned from the Sierra Leone Trial to Introduce a Vaccine against Ebola
Carter RJ , Idriss A , Widdowson MA , Samai M , Schrag SJ , Legardy-Williams JK , Estivariz CF , Callis A , Carr W , Webber W , Fischer ME , Hadler S , Sahr F , Thompson M , Greby SM , Edem-Hotah J , Momoh RM , McDonald W , Gee JM , Kallon AF , Spencer-Walters D , Bresee JS , Cohn A , Hersey S , Gibson L , Schuchat A , Seward JF . J Infect Dis 2018 217 S16-s23 The Sierra Leone Trial to Introduce a Vaccine against Ebola (STRIVE), a phase 2/3 trial of investigational rVSVG-ZEBOV-GP vaccine, was conducted during an unprecedented Ebola epidemic. More than 8600 eligible healthcare and frontline response workers were individually randomized to immediate (within 7 days) or deferred (within 18-24 weeks) vaccination and followed for 6 months after vaccination for serious adverse events and Ebola virus infection. Key challenges included limited infrastructure to support trial activities, unreliable electricity, and staff with limited clinical trial experience. Study staff made substantial infrastructure investments, including renovation of enrollment sites, laboratories, and government cold chain facilities, and imported equipment to store and transport vaccine at </=-60oC. STRIVE built capacity by providing didactic and practical research training to >350 staff, which was reinforced with daily review and feedback meetings. The operational challenges of safety follow-up were addressed by issuing mobile telephones to participants, making home visits, and establishing a nurse triage hotline. Before the Ebola outbreak, Sierra Leone had limited infrastructure and staff to conduct clinical trials. Without interfering with the outbreak response, STRIVE responded to an urgent need and helped build this capacity. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT02378753] and Pan African Clinical Trials Registry [PACTR201502001037220]. |
Efficacy of a small-group intervention for post-incarcerated black men who have sex with men and women (MSMW)
Harawa NT , Guentzel-Frank H , McCuller WJ , Williams JK , Millet G , Belcher L , Joseph HA , Bluthenthal RN . J Urban Health 2018 95 (2) 159-170 We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a six-session behavioral intervention designed to reduce frequency of condomless sex and numbers of sex partners among recently incarcerated, bisexual Black men. One hundred participants were assigned to the small-group intervention, Men in Life Environments (MILE), and 112 were assigned to the control condition. Among those assigned to MILE, 69% attended at least one session, 88% of whom attended all sessions. At 3-months' follow-up, large reductions in risk behaviors were reported by both groups. Means for episodes of condomless sex in the previous 3 months declined from 27.7 to 8.0 for the intervention and 25.6 to 6.7 for the control group. Reductions were not greater for the intervention than those of the control group. Regression to the mean, respondent burden, and implementation issues, such as moving from office-based to field-based survey administration at follow-up, may have contributed to the large declines reported by both groups. |
Changing hearts and minds: Results from a multi-country gender and sexual diversity training
Poteat T , Park C , Solares D , Williams JK , Wolf RC , Metheny N , Vazzano A , Dent J , Gibbs A , Nonyane BAS , Toiv N . PLoS One 2017 12 (9) e0184484 Engaging key populations, including gender and sexual minorities, is essential to meeting global targets for reducing new HIV infections and improving the HIV continuum of care. Negative attitudes toward gender and sexual minorities serve as a barrier to political will and effective programming for HIV health services. The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), established in 2003, provided Gender and Sexual Diversity Trainings for 2,825 participants including PEPFAR staff and program implementers, U.S. government staff, and local stakeholders in 38 countries. The outcomes of these one-day trainings were evaluated among a subset of participants using a mixed methods pre- and post-training study design. Findings suggest that sustainable decreases in negative attitudes toward gender and sexual minorities are achievable with a one-day training. |
Recent trends in hepatic diseases during pregnancy in the United States, 2002-2010
Ellington SR , Flowers L , Legardy-Williams JK , Jamieson DJ , Kourtis AP . Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014 212 (4) 524 e1-7 OBJECTIVE: While pregnancy-related severe liver disorders are rare, when they occur morbidity and mortality rates are increased for mothers and infants. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and trends of hepatic diseases during pregnancy hospitalizations from 2002 through 2010 in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: Hospital discharge data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, the largest all-payer hospital inpatient care database in the United States that provides nationally representative estimates. Pregnancy hospitalizations with the following diagnoses were identified: hepatitis B, hepatitis C, gallbladder disease/cholelithiasis, liver disorders of pregnancy, chronic/alcohol-related liver disease, biliary tract disease, and HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count) syndrome. Age, insurance status, hospital location, and hospital region were compared among women with and without hepatic diseases using a chi2 test. Trends in rates of pregnancy hospitalizations and mean charges were analyzed using multivariable logistic and linear regression, respectively. RESULTS: From 2002 through 2010 there were an estimated 41,479,358 pregnancy hospitalizations in the United States. Gallbladder disease and liver disorders of pregnancy were the most common hepatic diseases (rates = 7.18 and 4.65/1000 pregnancy hospitalizations, respectively). Adjusted rates and mean charges significantly increased for all hepatic diseases during pregnancy over the study period. All hepatic diseases were associated with significantly higher charges compared to all pregnancy hospitalizations. HELLP syndrome was associated with the highest mean charges. CONCLUSION: This large study among a representative sample of the US population provides valuable information that can aid policy planning and management of these hepatic diseases during pregnancy in the United States. |
Contraception for individuals with sickle cell disease: a systematic review of the literature
Haddad LB , Curtis KM , Legardy-Williams JK , Cwiak C , Jamieson DJ . Contraception 2012 85 (6) 527-37 BACKGROUND: Women with sickle cell disease have an increased risk of pregnancy-related complications and need safe, effective contraceptive methods to prevent unintended pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a systematic review to examine the safety of hormonal and intrauterine contraceptive use among women with sickle cell disease. RESULTS: Eight articles met the inclusion criteria. The evidence was of fair to poor quality and suggested that progestin-only and combined hormonal contraception had no effect on frequency of sickle crises or other adverse events and no effect on hematologic parameters associated with sickle crises. No studies examined the risk of thromboembolism in combined hormonal contraceptive users with sickle cell disease. There was insufficient evidence to comment on the safety of intrauterine contraception. CONCLUSION: While data are limited, there is no evidence to suggest that hormonal contraceptive use among women with sickle cell disease is associated with an increased risk of clinical complications. |
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: the role of cesarean delivery
Legardy-Williams JK , Jamieson DJ , Read JS . Clin Perinatol 2010 37 (4) 777-85 The risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV can be reduced through cesarean delivery prior to the onset of labor and prior to rupture of the membranes (elective cesarean delivery [ECD]). As a result of this evidence, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Department of Health and Human Services Panel on Treatment of HIV-Infected Pregnant Women and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission developed guidelines recommending ECD for HIV-infected women with plasma viral loads of more than 1000 copies/mL. Since the release of the recommendations, an increase in ECD has been seen among HIV-infected women in the United States. This article discusses the evidence on efficacy of ECD, current recommendations in the United States, and risks and morbidity related to ECD. Although the benefit of ECD in preventing MTCT of HIV is substantial, some questions remain. Specifically, the benefit of ECD for women with very low viral loads or for women using combination antiretroviral regimens is unclear, as is the timeframe after onset of labor or rupture of membranes within which ECD will still confer preventive benefits. |
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